{"id":3173,"date":"2026-07-14T16:18:21","date_gmt":"2026-07-14T13:18:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mikrobotik.com\/wp2\/?p=3173"},"modified":"2026-07-15T15:33:10","modified_gmt":"2026-07-15T12:33:10","slug":"arduino_paralel_veri_yolu_seri_haberlesme_benchmark","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mikrobotik.com\/wp2\/2026\/07\/14\/arduino_paralel_veri_yolu_seri_haberlesme_benchmark\/","title":{"rendered":"ARDUINO_PARALEL_VER\u0130_YOLU_SER\u0130_HABERLE\u015eME BENCHMARK"},"content":{"rendered":"

Arduino Haberle\u015fme S\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131: 115200 Baud H\u0131z, Paralel Veriyoluna Kar\u015f\u0131! (Benchmark Deneyi)<\/strong><\/h2>\n
Bu yaz\u0131da, belki de \u015fimdiye kadar mikrodenetleyici projelerinizde hi\u00e7 kullanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z, ancak karma\u015f\u0131k ve ger\u00e7ek zamanl\u0131 (real-time) sistemlerde hayat kurtaran devrimsel bir yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131 ele alaca\u011f\u0131z: Donan\u0131m Seviyesinde Paralel Veriyolu Mimarisi.<\/strong><\/div>\n
Hemen akl\u0131n\u0131za \u015fu hakl\u0131 soru gelebilir:<\/div>\n
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“Kartlar aras\u0131nda zaten SPI, I2C veya UART (Seri) haberle\u015fme var. Hatta end\u00fcstriyel sistemlerde CAN-Bus ve Modbus kullan\u0131yoruz. Neden durduk yere daha fazla kablo \u00e7ekip paralel haberle\u015fme kullanay\u0131m?<\/span>“<\/em><\/div>\n

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Bunun cevab\u0131 bazen saf HIZ<\/strong>, bazen de mimari bir zorunluluktur<\/strong>. \u00dcstelik paralel ba\u011flant\u0131 deyince hemen g\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcz korkmas\u0131n; Arduino\u2019nun t\u00fcm pinlerini feda etmek zorunda de\u011filsiniz. Bu projede 74HC595<\/strong> kayd\u0131rmal\u0131 yazma\u00e7 (Shift Register) entegresini kullanarak i\u015flemci pinlerinden maksimum oranda tasarruf edece\u011fiz.<\/div>\n
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\ud83d\udcfa \u0130ki Farkl\u0131 D\u00fcnya, Tek Bir Yar\u0131\u015f (Benchmark)<\/h3>\n
Sizler i\u00e7in Proteus \u00fczerinde iki farkl\u0131 sim\u00fclasyon d\u00fcnyas\u0131<\/strong> haz\u0131rlad\u0131m. Bu sim\u00fclasyonlarda iki adet Arduino Uno\u2019yu yan yana koyduk ve aralar\u0131nda k\u00fct\u00fcphanesiz bir paralel veriyolu kurduk. Sistemlerin ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 ve h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6l\u00e7mek i\u00e7in de yan\u0131na standart 115200 Baud<\/strong> h\u0131z\u0131nda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan donan\u0131msal bir Seri Haberle\u015fme (UART) hatt\u0131 \u00e7ektik ve ikisini canl\u0131 bir yar\u0131\u015fa (Benchmark) soktuk.<\/div>\n
Ancak bu yaz\u0131, sadece iki fiziksel sistemi kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmakla kalm\u0131yor; ayn\u0131 zamanda “yaz\u0131l\u0131msal h\u0131zland\u0131rma”<\/strong> sanat\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zler \u00f6n\u00fcne seriyor. Ne kadar h\u0131zl\u0131 bir sistem istiyorsan\u0131z, kodunuzu da o derece donan\u0131ma yak\u0131n yazman\u0131z gerekti\u011fini canl\u0131 kan\u0131tlarla g\u00f6receksiniz.<\/div>\n
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\ud83d\uded1 1. Senaryo: Amat\u00f6r Hatalar ve Ters K\u00f6\u015fe Olan Mant\u0131k<\/h3>\n
Amat\u00f6r olarak elektroni\u011fe ba\u015flay\u0131p “Ben Arduino programl\u0131yorum”<\/em> dedi\u011finizde, genellikle y\u00fcksek seviyeli dille yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015f digitalWrite()<\/code> ve digitalRead()<\/code> gibi komutlara s\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z. Kolay hat\u0131rlanan bu komutlar, ne yaz\u0131k ki arka planda i\u015flemciye onlarca gereksiz i\u015f yapt\u0131r\u0131r ve sistemi inan\u0131lmaz derecede yava\u015flat\u0131r. \u0130\u015fte karma\u015f\u0131k projelerde ya\u015fanan o sinir bozucu donmalar\u0131n, tak\u0131lmalar\u0131n ve zamanlama hatalar\u0131n\u0131n arkas\u0131ndaki gizli d\u00fc\u015fman budur!<\/div>\n
Mant\u0131ken bakt\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda; paralel veriyolu tek bir komut darbesiyle 8 biti (yani 1 karakteri) k\u00fctle halinde kar\u015f\u0131ya basabildi\u011fi i\u00e7in, bitleri arka arkaya dizen seri haberle\u015fmeye g\u00f6re \u00e7ok daha h\u0131zl\u0131 olmal\u0131d\u0131r, de\u011fil mi?<\/div>\n
Ancak haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m 1. Senaryo (Hantal Kodlama)<\/strong> sim\u00fclasyonunu \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131zda \u015foke edici bir sonu\u00e7la kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131yoruz: Seri haberle\u015fme yar\u0131\u015f\u0131 kazan\u0131yor!<\/strong><\/div>\n
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Neden Seri Port Daha H\u0131zl\u0131 \u00c7\u0131kt\u0131?<\/div>\n
\u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu ilk senaryoda paralel veriyi g\u00f6ndermek i\u00e7in amat\u00f6rlerin \u00e7ok s\u0131k kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131 digitalWrite()<\/code> komutunu ve hantal bir for<\/code> d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc (Bit-Banging) tercih ettik:<\/div>\n
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void paralelKarakterGonder(char c) {\r\n  \/\/ 1. 74HC595 entegresine veriyi y\u00fckle ve d\u0131\u015far\u0131 bas (Hantal Y\u00f6ntem)\r\n  digitalWrite(LATCH_PIN, LOW);\r\n  for (int i = 7; i >= 0; i--) {\r\n    digitalWrite(CLOCK_PIN, LOW);\r\n    digitalWrite(DATA_PIN, (c >> i) & 1);\r\n    digitalWrite(CLOCK_PIN, HIGH);\r\n  }\r\n  digitalWrite(LATCH_PIN, HIGH);\r\n}<\/pre>\n
Buradaki for<\/code> d\u00f6ng\u00fcs\u00fc 150 karakterlik bir c\u00fcmle i\u00e7in tam 3600 kez<\/strong> digitalWrite()<\/code> \u00e7a\u011f\u0131r\u0131yor! \u0130\u015flemci komut yeti\u015ftirmekten yorulurken, seri port (UART) donan\u0131m\u0131 arka planda bitleri kendi h\u0131z\u0131yla eritti\u011fi i\u00e7in paralel yolu kolayca ezip ge\u00e7iyor.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u26a1 2. Senaryo: M\u00fchendislik Dokunu\u015fu ve 14 Kat H\u0131z Rekoru!<\/h3>\n
\u015eimdi gelin, paralel veriyolunun ger\u00e7ek g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc ve bizim hakl\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 kan\u0131tlayan 2. Senaryo (M\u00fchendislik Seviyesi)<\/strong> sim\u00fclasyonuna bakal\u0131m. Bu senaryoda paralel veriyolu, 115200 baud h\u0131z\u0131ndaki seri portu tam 14.2 kat daha h\u0131zl\u0131<\/strong> bitirerek \u015fampiyonluk kupas\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6\u011f\u00fcsl\u00fcyor! (896 mikrosaniye vs 12752 mikrosaniye).<\/div>\n
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Peki Bu Mucize Nas\u0131l Ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti?<\/div>\n
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    1. Donan\u0131msal SPI G\u00fcc\u00fc<\/strong>: 74HC595 entegresine bitleri el ile \u00fcflemek yerine, Arduino\u2019nun i\u00e7inde haz\u0131r bulunan d\u00e2hili SPI donan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131<\/strong> aktif ettik. Bu sayede veriyi i\u015flemci h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131nda (8 MHz!<\/strong>) g\u00f6ndermek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu.<\/span><\/li>\n
    2. Port Manip\u00fclasyonu<\/strong>: digitalWrite<\/code> hantall\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 tamamen \u00e7\u00f6pe atarak, do\u011frudan i\u015flemcinin d\u00e2hili kay\u0131t\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131na (PORTB\/PINC<\/strong>) h\u00fckmettik.<\/span><\/li>\n
    3. Seviye Tabanl\u0131 Tam El S\u0131k\u0131\u015fma (Full Handshaking)<\/strong>: Al\u0131c\u0131 ve verici aras\u0131na STROBE<\/strong> ve ACK<\/strong> hatlar\u0131n\u0131 kurarak, araya tek bir delay()<\/code> bile koymadan, iki i\u015flemcinin birbirini donan\u0131msal h\u0131zlar\u0131nda senkronize etmesini sa\u011flad\u0131k. Sinyal ka\u00e7\u0131rma riskini s\u0131f\u0131rlad\u0131k.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
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      \u0130\u015fte o h\u0131z canavar\u0131, k\u00fct\u00fcphanesiz saf donan\u0131m kodu:<\/span><\/div>\n
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      void paralelKarakterGonder(char c) {\r\n  \/\/ 1. Latch kilidini indir (PORTB'nin 2. biti - D10 Pini)\r\n  PORTB &= B11111011;\r\n\r\n  \/\/ 2. K\u00dcT\u00dcPHANES\u0130Z DONANIMSAL SPI YAZIMI\r\n  \/\/ Karakteri do\u011frudan SPI Data Register (SPDR) i\u00e7ine f\u0131rlat\u0131yoruz.\r\n  \/\/ Donan\u0131m bunu 8 MHz h\u0131z\u0131nda (1 mikrosaniyede) 74HC595'e \u00fcfler!\r\n  SPDR = c;\r\n\r\n  \/\/ Donan\u0131m bitleri hattedip g\u00f6ndermeyi bitirene kadar (SPIF bayra\u011f\u0131 1 olana kadar) bekle\r\n  while (!(SPSR & (1 << SPIF))) {}\r\n\r\n  \/\/ 3. Latch kilidini kald\u0131r, veri art\u0131k 74HC595 \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flar\u0131nda kararl\u0131 (D10 HIGH)\r\n  PORTB |= B00000100;\r\n\r\n  \/\/ 4. Al\u0131c\u0131ya \"Veri haz\u0131r\" de: STROBE (D8 - PORTB0) HIGH yap ve \u00f6yle b\u0131rak!\r\n  PORTB |= B00000001;\r\n\r\n  \/\/ 5. Al\u0131c\u0131 i\u015fini bitirip ACK (A1 - PINC1) sinyalini HIGH yapana kadar K\u0130L\u0130TLEN\r\n  while ( !(PINC & B00000010) ) {}\r\n\r\n  \/\/ 6. Al\u0131c\u0131 onaylad\u0131! STROBE sinyalini kapat\u0131yoruz: LOW\r\n  PORTB &= B11111110;\r\n  \r\n  \/\/ 7. Al\u0131c\u0131 kendi ACK sinyalini s\u0131f\u0131rlayana kadar bekle ve yeni karaktere ge\u00e7\r\n  while (PINC & B00000010) {}\r\n}\r\n<\/pre>\n
      \u2696\ufe0f Avantajlar ve Dezavantajlar Terazisi<\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n